Explained: Mount Kilimanjaro Temperature and Weather Patterns

Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa, has distinct climate zones defined by different weather patterns. You will pass through 5 major ecological climate zones on your ascent to the top. Each zone has its own temperature, wildlife, and vegetation variations.

Understandably, Mount Kilimanjaro lies close to the equator. There are no major swings in climates such as summer and winter. We only have dry and wet seasons throughout the year. Temperatures will always decline as you climb the slope of the mountain.

Ultimately, the best time to climb Kilimanjaro is during the dry months of the year. Understanding the mountain’s temperature and weather patterns is crucial for the success of summiting. Through the information, you can prepare adequately for any challenge.

Kilimanjaro’s climate zones and their temperatures

The climate zones on Mount Kilimanjaro, arranged from the base to the summit, include:

Cultivation Zone (2,600 to 6,000 ft)

The cultivation zone lies on the lower slope of Mount Kilimanjaro. It is characterized by warm temperatures, 21-32 °C daytime and 4-15 °C at night. The climate in this zone is suitable for agriculture. On your way to the park gates, you will see villages and farmland activities in this region.

The southern side of the mountain receives plenty of rainfall on which communities depend for farming. The volcanic soil on the lower slopes is also fertile for growing various plants including coffee, avocados, mangos, and bananas. This zone has also streams and rivers that can be used for irrigation.

Rainforest Zone (6,000 to 9,200 ft)

As you ascend the mountain, you enter the rainforest zone. This zone is characterized by lush vegetation, including mosses, ferns, and various trees. The temperatures are still relatively warm, and rainfall is frequent. This zone is home to many birds and animal species.

The Rainforest zone has a dense canopy and you can hardly see the skies. However, animal sighting is common and you can have a glimpse of the black and white colobus monkeys, troops of baboons, and the beautiful blue monkeys. The forest is also home to the white-necked Raven and other birds.

Due to the rainy nature of this zone, it’s best to arm yourself with waterproof clothing. Rest assured, you will enjoy a hike in this zone.

Heath and Moorland Zone (9,200 to 11,000 ft)

Above the rainforest zone, the landscape changes to heath and moorland. Trees become less, and you’ll start to see more grasses and shrubs. Temperatures begin to decrease with days at 10-27 °C and nights at  (-1)-15 °C.  Very few animals live here, you can see small mammals and various birds.

Heath and Moorland Zone offers stunning panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Depending on the route, you may enjoy expansive vistas of the plains below and the peaks above. For climbers attempting to reach the summit, this zone provides an important stage for acclimatization.

Alpine Desert Zone (13,200 to 16,500 ft)

In this zone, temperatures drop significantly, (-12) -15 °C daytime and (-12)-4 °C at night. The alpine desert Zone is barren and inhospitable. Vegetation is sparse, with only hardy plants adapted to the harsh conditions. As you trek this zone, you mainly see volcanic rocks and sand.

Due to the higher altitude and lower oxygen levels in this zone, climbers may face increased challenges related to altitude sickness. Temperatures here are extremely cold, the air is dry and the midday sun is harsh. Sunscreen is essential and you need to hydrate more and keep your core warm.

Being the last major stage before the final attempt at the summit, proper acclimatization and preparation are needed to successfully reach the top. Despite the challenges, Alpine Desert Zone rewards with breathtaking scenic views. This includes the vast plains below and the distant scenery of the peaks.

Arctic Summit zone (16,500 to 19,340 ft)

At the summit, you reach the Arctic zone, characterized by huge glaciers. Temperatures are extremely cold, (-12) -4 °C daytime and (-26)-(-7) °C at night. There is no vegetation or animals at this altitude. You can only spot only a few very hardy lichens.

Blustery winds and intense sunshine are common during the day. Summit attempts begin at midnight and it’s best to wear warm, weatherproof items. Ice mixed with sand provides great footing. The summit trek takes about 6 hours and upon reaching to top, you can see the sign for Uhuru Peak.

Final Thought

Mount Kilimanjaro has several climate zones, each characterized by unique weather patterns. Temperatures generally decrease as you elevate to the altitude. Conditions can change rapidly so it’s best to rely on weather forecasts for updated and accurate updates.